Brazil has a population of 201.0m and is served by 4 principal mobile network operators: Vivo (Telefónica), TIM, Claro (América Móvil) and Oi – which between them account for 99.6% of subscribers. Vivo is the only operator using CDMA as the principal technology – the others all adopted GSM, which Vivo also implemented in 2006. With 268.3 million subscribers (September 2013), penetration is estimated at 135% - up from 132% in September 2012. 79% of mobile subscribers had a pre-paid account in September 2013, down from 81% a year earlier.
