As the buzz around 5G grows and trials of the technology increase across Europe, MNOs, towercos and other neutral host providers are faced with the real challenges of providing the complex and dense infrastructure that will be needed to support the cities of the future. In European markets, where regulation can be set on national, regional or EU-wide scales, infrastructure operators will find themselves picking through a quagmire of bureaucracy and operational challenges to roll out at scale. Even where trials and small-scale rollouts have been successful, the management fire power needed for negotiations and navigating tricky relationships could escalate broader rollout costs beyond the realms of feasibility.